基因编辑婴儿23个疑问，贺建奎回答了什么、回避了什么丨钛媒体万字实录

First, regarding off-target by sequencing. Before implantation, we can biopsy only 3 to 5 cells from the blastocyte. From that, we amplify for single cell. We were able to get maybe 95% genome coverage for single cell. Or 80-85% coverage, current state of the art. There might be off-target effects missing, but it's not just looking at this embryo, we had many of them, and by many of them together we can understand how much off-target happens.

问题十九：问题的第二部分是，为什么要这么保密尤其是当你知道科学家们普遍认为我们不应该这么做的时候？政府称是你违反了法律，如果政府知道你的计划，他们可能会说你不能做。但你还是做了。

The second part of the question, was, why so much secrecy around this particularly when you know the general feeling among the scientists is that we shouldn't be doing this? Why so much secrecy from the Chinese authorities? You know the accusation now is that you have broken the law. If you had involved the Chinese authorities, they might have said you can't do it. That's how it seems, you went ahead anyway.

贺建奎：我一直在科学界工作。我在伯克利冷泉港和一个亚洲会议上发表了讲话。我向他们征求过反馈。我继续从事临床试验，那时我也就伦理问题咨询过美国的专家。

I have been engaged in the scientific community. I spoke at Cold Spring Harbor, Berkeley, and at an Asian conference. I consulted them for feedback. I moved on to clinical trials, and at that time I also consulted with experts in the United States about ethics.

问题二十：大家提出了许多科学问题。但也有很多关乎这两个女孩。经过事情的彻底审查后，也许会有适当的讨论。所以这对姐妹，一个是抗HIV感染的，像你所强调的那样，这是其父母至少是父亲想要的结果。在家庭中，这两个女儿会得到不同的对待吗？另一方面，一个女孩对艾滋病毒感染是难以治愈的——她现在会成为理想的生育对象吗？这是否会改变她在婚姻和孩子方面的整体动力，因为配偶可能对家庭内部的这种突变特别在意？

There were many scientific questions raised. But there's also a very personal dynamic for these two girls. If things had been thoroughly vetted, there might have been a proper discussion. So there are two sisters, and one is refractory to HIV infection and that was a desired outcome from the parents or at least the father you specifically highlighted. Within the family dynamic, are these daughters going to be treated differently? The othe rside of that is the one girl that is refractory to HIV infection- is she now going to be desirable for breeding? Will this change her whole dynamic in terms of marriage and children because a spouse might be particularly interested in getting this mutation within the family? Even this very simple thing, with these two girls being different and the family and now this being something of an enhancement preventative trait not just a disease correction but now something new that could be introduced in the population.

贺建奎：我有深刻思考过这个问题。这也是为什么我发表了基因编辑的五个编码值。首先是尊重孩子的自主权。这些工具不应该被用来控制他们的未来或者对他们未来的选择做出期望。他们应该有选择的自由。第二点则是鼓励孩子们发掘自己的全部潜能，追求自己的生活。

I have reflected deeply on this. This is why I published the five code value for gene editing. First is respect for children's autonomy. These tools should not be used to control their future or make expectations about their future choices. They should be given the freedom of choice. The second one is-- the children, encourage them to explore their full potential and the pursuit of their own life.

问题二十一：18岁前，他们都是没有自主权的孩子。他们的基因型可能会影响其成长。这会影响他们或者他们父母的认知吗?

For 18 years though, they are children and they do not have that autonomy. Their genotype might quite affect their upbringing. Will this effect their perception, or their parents?Their parents will know they were edited.

贺建奎：我不知道如何回答这个问题。

I don't know how to answer this question.

问题二十二：我被告知我们需要马上结束这个环节。我想用两个来自媒体的问题来结束。一些问题已经反复被提及。你对现在这样的公众反应有预知吗？即使你已经成功地通过审查并发表论文，在当时也会有很多麻烦。你预料到现在的状况了吗?

I've been told we have to stop this session soon. I want to finish off with two questions from the media, some that have been repeated several times. Did you expect all this reaction? Even if you had managed to succeed in having the paper reviewed and published first, there would have been a lot of fuss at that time as well. Did you anticipate this?

贺建奎：那是因为消息走漏了。我最初的想法是基于美国的调查，或英国的道德声明，或中国的研究，这些讯息给我们一个信号，大多数公众支持人类基因组编辑用于治疗，包括艾滋病的预防。

It's because the news leaked out. My original thinking was based on the survey of the United States or the US or the British ethics statement or the Chinese study that gave us the signal that the majority of the public is supporting human genome editing for treatment including HIV prevention.

问题二十三：最后一个问题是，如果这是你的孩子，你会这样做吗?

The very final question is, if this was going to be your baby, would you have gone ahead with this?

贺建奎：这是一个好问题。如果是我自己的孩子面临同样的境况，我会先试试。

That's a good question. If it was my baby, with the same situation, yes I would try first.

主持人：感谢贺博士出席。

I think we should thank Dr. He for appearing here.

演讲内容关键点节选

贺建奎在演讲开始前先进行了道歉，但并没有明确地表明道歉内容。他表示：“我必须道歉，本次实验结果在未经本次研讨会同行学者审阅之前，被出乎意料地泄露了。”

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